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Atypical antipsychotic

Ziprasidone is an atypical antipsychotic and belongs to piperazine benzothiazole compound. For in vitro condition, the product has a very high affinity to the dopamine D2, D3, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D and α1 adrenergic receptor while having a moderate affinity to the histamine H1 receptor.  It includes clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine and ziprasidone. In vitro release profile of optimized ziprasidone loaded lipid phase-transition system (ZP-LPS) and ZP suspension in PBS release media containing 1% Tween 20 (n=3).

Dosage and usage

The initial dose is 2 times per day with 20mg each time through oral administration. The terminal T1/2 is about 7h.

Uses

Ziprasidone (ZP) is a novel atypical antipsychotic agent effective in the treatment of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia with low chances for extrapyramidal side effects (EPs) and cognitive deficits. It is a kind of antipsychotic and can be used as the antagonist of the dopamine D2-serotonin 5-HT2.

Production method

6-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-ketone (I) and bromoacetic acid can have acylation reaction under the action of polyphosphoric acid to give the compound (II). And then be stirred together with silicon hydride and triethyl trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature to give the compound (III). Finally, it can have reaction with N-(3-benzisothiazole-yl) piperazine in MIBK containing sodium carbonate to give the product.

Chemical Properties

Tan Solid

Originator

Geodon,Pfizer,USA

Definition

ChEBI: A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.

Brand name

Geodon (Pfizer).

Therapeutic Function

H-Indol-2-one, 5-(2-(4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-1- piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-, monohydrochloride monohydrate

Biological Functions

"Ziprasidone is chemically similar to risperidone but with a substitution of piperzinyl and benzisothiazole for piperidinyl and benzisoxazole and with minor aromatic modification. Like risperidone, ziprasidone is a high-affinity antagonist at 5-HT2A/C and D2 receptors as well as at adrenergic α1/α2 and histamine H1 receptors. Moreover, ziprasidone can activate 5-HT1A receptors that regulate dopaminergic neurotransmission in brain regions involved in critical cognitive functions. Thus, in addition to D2 partial agonism, 5-HT1A agonism is now thought to be an important pharmacological property for atypical antipsychotic drug efficacy.

General Description

Ziprasidone (Geodon, a benzisothiazolpiprazinylindolonederivative) also has the structuralfeatures of a hybrid molecule between a butyrophenone antipsychoticand a trazodone-like antidepressant. It is highlymetabolized to four major metabolites, only one of which, Smethyldihydroziprasidone,likely contributes to its clinical activity. In humans, less than 5% of the dose isexcreted unchanged. Reduction by aldehyde oxidase accountsfor about 66% of ziprasidone metabolism; two oxidative pathwaysinvolving hepatic CYP3A4 account for the remainder.

Mechanism of action

Ziprasidone (half-life, 6 hours) has an oral bioavailability of approximately 60%, which can be enhanced in the presence of fatty foods. It is extensively metabolized (<5% excreted unchanged) by aldehyde oxidase, which results in reductive cleavage of the S–N bond, and then by S-methylation. Ziprasidone also can undergo CYP3A4-catalyzed N-dealkylation and S-oxidation.